๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ
Study/Bio, Medical Engineering

[Medical] Eye Motion Tracking for Medical Image Interpretation Training (Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology, 2023) (๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ)

by ์œ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธYoomimi 2024. 1. 2.

 

โœจ MAIN IDEA

USAF(United States Air Force)์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Eye Motion Tracking์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, Novice reader(jounior residents)๋ฅผ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Eye Motion Tracking์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ์ด paper๋Š” novice reader์˜ Eye Motion Tracking์„ expert๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 

โœจ METHODS

์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Eye Motion Tracking ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋‘ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋ฅผ ๊ต์œกํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—๋Š” Dell Precision 7535 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ Gazepoint GP3 eye tracker๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” 3๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์™€ 6๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค(1, 2, 4ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ 2๋ช…์”ฉ)์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Eye Motion Tracking(EMT)๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ (์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์— red bubble๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.) ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ EMT์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๋…นํ™”/๋…น์Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก ์ดํ›„ trainer์™€ trainee๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด๋‹น recorded data๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐํ•œ ๋’ค ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค ์„ธ์…˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€(t-point Likert rating scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree)๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

 

โœจ RESULTS

์šฐ์„  Technical feasibility(๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ)์€ ๋ชจ๋“  trainee-trainer ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Trainee: Trainee๋“ค์€ EMT๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ EMT๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ search patterns์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6๋ช… ์ค‘ 5๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด์„ ์Šคํ‚ฌ์ด EMT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 1๋ช…์ด EMT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ tracking field(i.e., head position)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Faculty: ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋“ค์€ EMT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

 

โœจ DISCUSSION

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” EMT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ธ‰ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ์™€ ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ tracking์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์–ด ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ tracking์œผ๋กœ established scanpath๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Further study๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ search pattern์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ต์ • ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด Eye Motion Tracking ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”(์‹œ๋ ฅ๋ณด์ •์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด tracking์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”) ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง„๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

 


 

โœจ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค

1) ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด 'novice reader๋“ค์€ fixations์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํšŒ๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ธธ๋‹ค.'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

โœจ COMMENTS

๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ introduction์—์„œ 'Allowing trainees to view expert reader's search patterns may facilitate faster progression and learning in what is called Eye Movement Modeling Examples(EMMEs), similar to novice gamers learning from expert gamers.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ง์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด expert์˜ Eye Tracking Data๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด novice๋ฅผ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ novice์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Eye Tracking์„ expert๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์˜์•„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ supervised learning์—์„œ input data๋กœ expert๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ Eye Tracking Data๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํšจ๊ณผ์™€๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ํ…๋ฐ, ์•„์‰ฌ์› ๋‹ค.